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As explained earlier, carbon activation is frequently carried out in high temperature furnaces, under mildly oxidizing conditions. As the name implies, reactivation refers to using a similar process to volatilize and oxidize the adsorbates on spent carbons. The term reactivation might be contrasted with re-Qeneration, which refers to steaming or other methods to restore a portion of the GAC adsorptive capacity, al- though the terms are commonly interchanged. Reactivation will almost always produce measurable changes in pore structure, due to additional oxidative sculpturing of the carbon surface and, frequently, deposits of residual chars or inorganic materials. In a few cases, reactivated granular activated carbons perform better than or as well as the virgin material, but in many others there may be a defined loss of comparative efficiency or a gradually increasing loss of efficiency. When loss of efficiency is encountered, it is normally most pronounced in the micropore structure, therefore it is most significant operationally when the last traces of contamination must be removed.